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Several opening moves in chess

2023-11-29
antique chess set

1. Scotland start

  1. e4, e5；
  2. Nf3, Nc6；
  3. d4.

This opening was first given its name in the 1824 communication game between Edinburgh and London. Scotland's opening idea is to eliminate e5 soldiers and seek to gain an advantage in the center; However, the black side goes d5, and has a good chance to fight back. If the White side took 4.c3 instead of d4, it would form a Scottish abandon game, leading to a sharp counterattack.

Figure 1: Scotland start

Second, the Spanish start

  1. e4, e5；
  2. Nf3, Nc6；
  3. Bb5.

One of the most popular modern openings. The originator of this gambit is generally credited to the 16th-century Spanish priest, chess player, and chess theorist Louis Lopez.
The Spanish opening is characterized by varied and complex chess paths, and it is said that the Spanish opening has "thousands of variations in books and periodicals."

Figure 2: Spain start

Third, the defense of Ufemtsev

  1. e4, d6；
  2. d4, Nf6.

This defense system, back in the last century, was adopted by Paulson. The practice and analysis of the game by the former Soviet master A. Ufeimtsev and the former Yugoslav Grand master Pierz are of great significance in the study of this opening method. Therefore, this opening method is often called the "Piltz-Ufemtsev defense" and is a popular opening method in modern times.
The Ufeimtsev defense leads to frequent, mutually beneficial fights, and is therefore favored by offensive players.

Figure 3: Defense of Ufemtsev

Four, Carlo Kahn defense

  1. e4, c6.

It is believed that the first authors of this gambit system in the last century were the Viennese player M. Kang and the German player Γ Kahlo, and its analysis was published in 1886.
The idea of Carlo Kahn's defense is to start with 1... c6 Preparations 2.... d5, counter White's pawn center. It differs from the French defense in that black leaves free passage for white elephants.

Figure 4: Carlo Kahn defense

V. Defense of France

  1. e4, e6.

One of the most popular ways to start a game. In the London - Paris (1834-36) communication tournament, French players used 1. This move, e6, was victorious, hence the name of the French Defense.
Generally, the following moves are 2.d4, d5; 3. e5, c5; 4. c3, Nc6; 5. Nf3, Qb6. There is a series of battles between the two sides around the center, focusing on the white soldiers of d4 and e5.

Figure 5: Defence of France

Defense of Sicily

  1. e4, c5.

"The gambit of the 20th century," as the Sicilian defense gambit system is called, is well founded. In fact, at the end of the 20th century, it was this opening that Black used most when dealing with 1.e4.
The variations on Sicilian defense are complex and varied, and in principle are not recommended for beginners. The character of the chess battle waged through the Sicilian defense was sharp, complex, and varied.

Figure 6: Sicilian defence

7. Abandon the rear wing

  1. d4, d5；
  2. c4.

One of the most popular modern openings. The practice of backwing dropping had long been known, but it was only at the end of the 19th century, with the development of new principles of chess, and the declaration of victory by the first official world champion, Steinitz, and other outstanding players, that the role of backwing dropping changed fundamentally.
The opening branch based on the rear-wing abandonment has the orthodox defense (2.... e6), Slavic Defense (2.... c6).

Figure 7: Abandon the rear wing

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